What Is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a refractive error that occurs when the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye) or the lens inside the eye has an irregular shape. Instead of being perfectly round like a basketball, the eye is shaped more like a football, causing light to focus unevenly on the retina.

This irregular curvature leads to blurred or distorted vision at all distances, making it difficult to see clearly whether you’re looking at objects up close or far away.

Astigmatism often occurs alongside nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia), and it can affect people of all ages.

Common Symptoms of Astigmatism

While symptoms can vary depending on the severity, many people with astigmatism experience:

• Blurry or distorted vision at all distances

• Eye strain or discomfort, especially after reading or using screens

• Frequent headaches, particularly around the eyes

• Squinting to see more clearly

• Difficulty seeing at night (night glare or halos around lights)

If you notice these symptoms, it’s time to schedule a comprehensive eye exam. Astigmatism can worsen over time without proper treatment.

What Causes Astigmatism?

Astigmatism can be present at birth (congenital) or develop over time due to:

• Genetics: A family history of astigmatism increases your risk.

• Eye Injuries or Surgery: Trauma or surgical procedures can alter the cornea’s shape.

• Keratoconus: A progressive eye disease that causes the cornea to thin and become cone-shaped.

• Aging: Changes in the lens with age can contribute to astigmatism.

Contrary to popular myths, reading in low light or sitting too close to the TV does NOT cause astigmatism.