What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from your eyes to your brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure in the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP).

There are several types of glaucoma:

• Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common): Develops slowly over time with no early symptoms.

• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A sudden increase in eye pressure that can cause severe symptoms and requires immediate medical attention.

• Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs even though eye pressure remains within normal range.

• Congenital Glaucoma: A rare form present at birth due to abnormal development of the eye's drainage system.

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Without proper treatment, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and even blindness.

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma

Glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. That’s why regular eye exams are critical for early detection. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of glaucoma:

Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common):

• Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision

• Tunnel vision in advanced stages

Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Medical Emergency):

• Severe eye pain

• Blurred vision

• Nausea and vomiting

• Halos around lights

• Eye redness

If you experience sudden vision changes, severe eye pain, or halos around lights, seek immediate medical attention.